Gold panning is the easiest and quickest technique for searching for gold, but is not commercially viable for extracting gold from large deposits, except where labor costs are very low or gold traces are substantial.
The panning material is usually removed from stream beds, often at the inside turn in the stream, or from the bedrock shelf of the stream, where the density of gold allows it to concentrate, a type called placer deposits. As gold is much denser than rock, it quickly settles to the bottom of the pan. The pan is submerged in water and shaken, sorting the gold from the gravel and other material. Wide, shallow pans are filled with sand and gravel that may contain gold. Gold panning is mostly a manual technique of separating gold from other materials. Placer deposits are composed of relatively loose material that makes tunneling difficult, and so most means of extracting it involve the use of water or dredging. Placer mining is the technique by which gold that has accumulated in a placer deposit is extracted. There are several techniques and processes by which gold may be extracted from the earth.
Gold mining is the process of mining of gold or gold ores from the ground.
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